The rules behind the records.

Each record has a definition, a source window, and an opportunity unit. Downloads contain the full occurrence index.

13+ Batters in an Inning · 1,170 recorded

At least 13 plate appearances by one team in one half-inning. This is the site’s historical threshold; it does not mean 18 batters.

Coverage: 1950+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

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18-Strikeout Game · 34 recorded

At least 18 strikeouts by one pitcher in a game, including postseason games.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season and postseason. Opportunity unit: games.

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All Runs in One Inning · 196 recorded

A team scores at least eight runs, with its entire game total coming in one inning.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season, per team-game. Opportunity unit: team-games.

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Catcher's Interference · 2,016 recorded

A batter awarded first for interference.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season, games with play-by-play. Opportunity unit: games.

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Caught Three Times · 48 recorded

Caught stealing three times in one game.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

Exact rule: caughtStealing >= 3

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Combined No-Hitter · 26 recorded

Two or more pitchers together complete at least nine innings without allowing a hit.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season and postseason. Opportunity unit: games.

Retrosheet historical records; MLB Stats API current games. Attributed to the pitching staff rather than one pitcher, because no one of them threw it. MLB has required nine full innings since 1991, so eight-inning no-hitters are not counted here.

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Complete Game, Fifteen K · 212 recorded

A complete game with fifteen strikeouts.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season, games with a pitching line. Opportunity unit: games.

Exact rule: completeGames >= 1 and strikeOuts >= 15

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Eight-RBI Game · 163 recorded

Eight or nine runs batted in by one batter.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

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Eleven Assists · 353 recorded

Eleven or more assists by one fielder.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season, games with a fielding line. Opportunity unit: games.

Exact rule: assists >= 11

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Faced the Minimum · 81 recorded

Twenty-seven batters faced, and not a perfect game.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season, games with a pitching line. Opportunity unit: games.

Exact rule: outs >= 27 and battersFaced == 27 and (hits > 0 or baseOnBalls > 0 or hitByPitch > 0)

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Fifteen K, No Walks · 69 recorded

Fifteen or more strikeouts and not a single walk.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

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Fifteen Runs · 3,523 recorded

Fifteen or more runs by one team.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season, per team-game. Opportunity unit: team-games.

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First-Inning Ejection · 1,132 recorded

Thrown out before the first inning was over.

Coverage: 1897-2019. regular season, ejection log ends 2019. Opportunity unit: games.

Retrosheet historical ejection log.

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Five Double Plays · 604 recorded

A fielder involved in five double plays in one game.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season, games with a fielding line. Opportunity unit: games.

Exact rule: doublePlays >= 5

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Five Extra-Base Hits · 16 recorded

At least five extra-base hits by one batter in a game.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

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Five Home Runs Allowed · 141 recorded

Five home runs given up by one pitcher.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season, games with a pitching line. Opportunity unit: games.

Exact rule: homeRuns == 5

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Five Runs Scored · 325 recorded

Five or more runs scored by one batter.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

Exact rule: runs >= 5

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Five for Five · 1,654 recorded

A perfect day, five hits in five at-bats.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

Exact rule: atBats == 5 and hits == 5

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Five-Steal Game · 31 recorded

Five or more bases stolen by one runner.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

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Five-Walk Game · 122 recorded

Five walks drawn by one batter in a game.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

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Four Batters Hit · 74 recorded

One pitcher hitting four or more batters.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

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Four Ejections · 239 recorded

At least four ejections from one team in a game in the historical ejection log ending in 2019.

Coverage: 1897-2019. regular season, ejection log ends 2019. Opportunity unit: games.

Retrosheet historical ejection log.

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Four Errors, One Fielder · 295 recorded

Four errors by a single fielder in one game.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season, games with a fielding line. Opportunity unit: games.

Exact rule: errors >= 4

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Four Extra-Base Hits · 496 recorded

Four extra-base hits in one game.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

Exact rule: doubles + triples + homeRuns == 4

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Four Homers in an Inning · 115 recorded

At least four home runs by one team in a half-inning.

Coverage: 1950+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

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Four Intentional Walks · 12 recorded

Four intentional walks drawn by one batter.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

Exact rule: intentionalWalks >= 4

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Four Intentional Walks Issued · 89 recorded

Four intentional walks by one pitcher.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season, games with a pitching line. Opportunity unit: games.

Exact rule: intentionalWalks >= 4

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Four Passed Balls · 43 recorded

Four passed balls by one catcher.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season, games with a fielding line. Opportunity unit: games.

Exact rule: passedBall >= 4

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Four Runs, No Outs · 1,847 recorded

Four runs allowed without recording an out.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season, games with a pitching line. Opportunity unit: games.

Exact rule: runs >= 4 and runs < 6 and outs == 0

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Four Straight Home Runs · 11 recorded

Four consecutive home runs by one team in an inning.

Coverage: 1961+. regular season, games with play-by-play. Opportunity unit: games.

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Four Wild Pitches · 85 recorded

Four wild pitches by one pitcher.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season, games with a pitching line. Opportunity unit: games.

Exact rule: wildPitches >= 4

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Four-Double Game · 57 recorded

Four or more doubles by one batter in a game.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

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Four-Homer Game · 19 recorded

At least four home runs by one batter in one game.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

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Four-Steal Game · 250 recorded

Four bases stolen by one runner in a game.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

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Four-Strikeout Inning · 83 recorded

One pitcher records at least four strikeouts in the same half-inning, including strikeouts on which a batter reaches base.

Coverage: 1988+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

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Hit Three Times · 42 recorded

One batter hit by a pitch three times in a game.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

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Hitless in Seven · 1,107 recorded

Seven or more at-bats without a hit.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

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Homer, Triple, Double, Steal · 51 recorded

All four in the same game.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

Exact rule: homeRuns >= 1 and triples >= 1 and doubles >= 1 and stolenBases >= 1

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Immaculate Inning · 91 recorded

One pitcher records all three strikeouts in one complete half-inning, on exactly nine actual pitches and exactly three plate appearances.

Coverage: 1988+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

Retrosheet historical records; MLB Stats API current games. Pitch-by-pitch data begins in 1988, so this is measured from 1988 onward. Earlier immaculate innings happened but cannot be verified from the play-by-play record.

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In on a Triple Play · 1,795 recorded

A fielder credited in a triple play.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season, games with a fielding line. Opportunity unit: games.

Exact rule: triplePlays >= 1

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Manager and Player Ejected · 2,029 recorded

A manager and one of his players thrown out of the same game.

Coverage: 1897-2019. regular season, ejection log ends 2019. Opportunity unit: games.

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More Walks Than Outs · 18 recorded

More walks issued than outs recorded.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season, games with a pitching line. Opportunity unit: games.

Exact rule: outs >= 6 and baseOnBalls > outs

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Natural Cycle · 12 recorded

The batter’s first four hits in the game are a single, double, triple and home run, in that order. Non-hit plate appearances between hits are allowed.

Coverage: 1910+. regular season, games with play-by-play. Opportunity unit: games.

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No-Hitter · 256 recorded

One pitcher completes at least nine innings and allows no hits; perfect games are a separate category.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season and postseason. Opportunity unit: games.

Retrosheet historical records; MLB Stats API current games. This page counts complete-game no-hitters by one pitcher, excluding perfect games. Perfect games and combined no-hitters have separate lists. All three categories require at least nine innings; coverage is the corpus stated here, not a claim to every game ever played.

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No-Hitter With Five Walks · 41 recorded

A no-hitter thrown with five or more walks.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season, games with a pitching line. Opportunity unit: games.

Exact rule: outs >= 27 and hits == 0 and completeGames >= 1 and baseOnBalls >= 5

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One-Hit Shutout · 1,168 recorded

A complete-game shutout of at least nine innings allowing zero or one hit. This category includes qualifying no-hitters and perfect games.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season and postseason. Opportunity unit: games.

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Perfect Game · 23 recorded

One starting pitcher completes at least nine innings without an opposing batter reaching base. The historical corpus includes postseason games and Reuben Curry; the two 1880 games precede its coverage.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season and postseason. Opportunity unit: games.

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Platinum Sombrero · 241 recorded

At least five strikeouts by one batter in one game; six-strikeout games also have a separate list.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

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Scored in Eight Innings · 120 recorded

A team scores in exactly eight different innings. The historical candidate separates games in which a team scores in nine innings.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season, per team-game. Opportunity unit: team-games.

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Scoreless Until the Ninth · 11,128 recorded

A team scores zero in its first eight innings and scores at least one run in the ninth inning or later.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season, per team-game. Opportunity unit: team-games.

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Seven Times On Base · 81 recorded

Reaching base seven times in one game.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

Exact rule: hits + baseOnBalls + hitByPitch >= 7

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Seven-Hit Game · 8 recorded

Seven or more hits by one batter.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

Exact rule: hits >= 7

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Six Home Runs Allowed · 12 recorded

Six home runs given up by one pitcher.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season, games with a pitching line. Opportunity unit: games.

Exact rule: homeRuns >= 6

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Six Runs, No Outs · 192 recorded

Six runs allowed without recording an out.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season, games with a pitching line. Opportunity unit: games.

Exact rule: runs >= 6 and outs == 0

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Six Times On Base · 1,044 recorded

Reaching base six times in one game.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

Exact rule: hits + baseOnBalls + hitByPitch == 6

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Six for Six · 91 recorded

A perfect day, six hits in six at-bats.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

Exact rule: atBats >= 6 and hits == atBats

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Six-Hit Game · 136 recorded

At least six hits by one batter in a game.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

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Six-Run Game · 14 recorded

Six or more runs scored by one batter.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

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Six-Walk Game · 4 recorded

Six or more walks drawn by one batter.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

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Steal of Home · 1,430 recorded

A runner stealing home plate.

Coverage: 1950+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

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Stealing the Cycle · 55 recorded

Second, third and home all stolen in the same inning.

Coverage: 1908+. regular season, games with play-by-play. Opportunity unit: games.

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Ten Runs Allowed · 2,181 recorded

Ten runs charged to one pitcher.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season, games with a pitching line. Opportunity unit: games.

Exact rule: runs >= 10 and runs < 12

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Ten Strikeouts in Relief · 73 recorded

Ten strikeouts by a pitcher who did not start.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season, games with a pitching line. Opportunity unit: games.

Exact rule: strikeOuts >= 10 and gamesStarted == 0

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Ten Walks · 299 recorded

Ten walks issued by one pitcher.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season, games with a pitching line. Opportunity unit: games.

Exact rule: baseOnBalls >= 10

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Ten-RBI Game · 17 recorded

Ten or more runs batted in by one batter.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

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Ten-Run Inning · 360 recorded

At least ten runs by one team in a half-inning, including runs without an RBI.

Coverage: 1950+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

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The Cycle · 322 recorded

At least one single, double, triple and home run by the same batter in a game; additional hits are allowed.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

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Three Balks · 48 recorded

Three balks by one pitcher.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season, games with a pitching line. Opportunity unit: games.

Exact rule: balks >= 3

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Three Batters Hit · 790 recorded

Three batters hit by one pitcher.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season, games with a pitching line. Opportunity unit: games.

Exact rule: hitByPitch == 3

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Three Double Plays Grounded Into · 138 recorded

Grounding into three double plays in one game.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

Exact rule: groundIntoDoublePlay >= 3

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Three Ejections · 452 recorded

Exactly three ejections from one team in a game in the historical ejection log ending in 2019.

Coverage: 1897-2019. regular season, ejection log ends 2019. Opportunity unit: games.

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Three Errors, One Fielder · 2,791 recorded

Three errors by a single fielder in one game.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season, games with a fielding line. Opportunity unit: games.

Exact rule: errors == 3

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Three Hit Batsmen · 62 recorded

At least three batters hit by pitches in one half-inning.

Coverage: 1950+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

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Three Hits, Three Strikeouts · 209 recorded

Three hits and three strikeouts in one game.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

Exact rule: hits >= 3 and strikeOuts >= 3

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Three Intentional Walks · 198 recorded

Three intentional walks drawn by one batter.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

Exact rule: intentionalWalks == 3

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Three Runs, No Hits · 209 recorded

Three or four runs in a half-inning without a hit. The historical candidate separates the five-or-more tier.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season, games with play-by-play. Opportunity unit: games.

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Three Sacrifice Bunts · 306 recorded

Three sacrifice bunts by one batter.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

Exact rule: sacBunts >= 3

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Three Sacrifice Flies · 16 recorded

Three sacrifice flies by one batter.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

Exact rule: sacFlies >= 3

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Three Straight Home Runs · 326 recorded

Three consecutive home runs by one team.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season, games with play-by-play. Opportunity unit: games.

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Three Triples · 58 recorded

At least three triples by one batter in a game.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

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Three Wild Pitches · 818 recorded

Three wild pitches by one pitcher.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season, games with a pitching line. Opportunity unit: games.

Exact rule: wildPitches == 3

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Three-Error Inning · 2,806 recorded

Three errors in one half inning.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season, games with play-by-play. Opportunity unit: games.

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Three-Homer Game · 696 recorded

Exactly three home runs by one batter in one game. Four-homer games have a separate list.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

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Three-Pitch Inning · 313 recorded

A complete half-inning requiring exactly three actual pitches; automatic intentional walks are not counted as thrown pitches.

Coverage: 1988+. Regular-season games since 1988 with recorded pitch counts for every completed plate appearance; zero-pitch intentional walks permitted from 2017.. Opportunity unit: games.

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Three-Steal Game · 2,309 recorded

Three bases stolen by one runner.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

Exact rule: stolenBases >= 3

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Titanium Sombrero · 10 recorded

Six strikeouts by one batter in a game.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

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Triple Play · 309 recorded

Three outs recorded on a single batted ball.

Coverage: 1950+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

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Triple Play (play-by-play era) · 560 recorded

Three outs on one play.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season, games with play-by-play. Opportunity unit: games.

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Twelve Runs Allowed · 844 recorded

Twelve runs charged to one pitcher.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season, games with a pitching line. Opportunity unit: games.

Exact rule: runs >= 12

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Twenty-Strikeout Game · 6 recorded

Twenty or more strikeouts by one pitcher.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

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Two Balks · 405 recorded

Two balks by one pitcher.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season, games with a pitching line. Opportunity unit: games.

Exact rule: balks == 2

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Two Catcher's Interferences · 14 recorded

Reaching twice on catcher's interference.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

Exact rule: catchersInterference >= 2

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Two Grand Slams in a Game · 13 recorded

One batter hitting two grand slams in the same game.

Coverage: 1936+. regular season, games with play-by-play. Opportunity unit: games.

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Two Grand Slams in an Inning · 1 recorded

One batter hitting two grand slams in the same inning.

Coverage: 1999+. regular season, games with play-by-play. Opportunity unit: games.

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Two Homers in an Inning · 67 recorded

Two home runs by one batter in a single inning.

Coverage: 1922+. regular season, games with play-by-play. Opportunity unit: games.

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Two Homers, Three Strikeouts · 87 recorded

Two home runs and three strikeouts in one game.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

Exact rule: homeRuns >= 2 and strikeOuts >= 3

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Two Homers, Two Steals · 25 recorded

Two home runs and two stolen bases in one game.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season only. Opportunity unit: games.

Exact rule: homeRuns >= 2 and stolenBases >= 2

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Walk-Off · 19,182 recorded

The home side won it in their last at-bat.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season, games with play-by-play. Opportunity unit: games.

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Walk-Off Balk · 28 recorded

A game ended by a balk.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season, games with play-by-play. Opportunity unit: games.

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Walk-Off Catcher's Interference · 2 recorded

A game ended by catcher's interference.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season, games with play-by-play. Opportunity unit: games.

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Walk-Off Error · 1,076 recorded

A game ended on a fielding error.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season, games with play-by-play. Opportunity unit: games.

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Walk-Off Hit By Pitch · 94 recorded

A game ended with the winning run forced in by a pitch.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season, games with play-by-play. Opportunity unit: games.

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Walk-Off Home Run · 4,587 recorded

A game ended on a home run.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season, games with play-by-play. Opportunity unit: games.

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Walk-Off Passed Ball · 48 recorded

A game ended on a passed ball.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season, games with play-by-play. Opportunity unit: games.

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Walk-Off Strikeout · 5 recorded

The game ended on a strikeout, and the run scored anyway.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season, games with play-by-play. Opportunity unit: games.

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Walk-Off Walk · 657 recorded

A game ended on a base on balls.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season, games with play-by-play. Opportunity unit: games.

Retrosheet historical records; MLB Stats API current games.

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Walk-Off Wild Pitch · 319 recorded

A game ended on a wild pitch.

Coverage: 1897+. regular season, games with play-by-play. Opportunity unit: games.

Retrosheet historical records; MLB Stats API current games.

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NFL definitions and records · Understanding missing data